Associative compound sentence with a cause relation. Punctuation marks in a complex non-union sentence

Topic: Colon in non-union complex sentence.

Goals:

Educational : the formation of skills to establish semantic relationships between parts of an allied complex sentence, determine the intonational features of these sentences and, on this basis, correctly choose punctuation marks.

Educational : to form students' positive motivation and readiness to perceive new material; development of skills to compare the studied material with the new, to generalize; development of creative abilities.

Educational : education of respect for the subject; education of love for the word on the example of the lesson material.

Tasks of personal development:

Contribute to the formation of the correct oral speech of students;

Create conditions for the assimilation of new knowledge about the BSP, using the elements of the study;

Develop the ability to analyze language material.

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes

I Organizing time.

Today we will talk about the beauty, originality, poetry, versatility of the Russian language.

II Checking homework

1. Exercise_________

2. Vocabulary dictation

Vocabulary dictation. Spelling of verbs and participles.

They fight, wrestling, glued, glued, hated, holding, breathing, inexhaustible, they waver, they heal, they hope, hear, see, cherish, they cherish, they melt, melt, shave, lay, creep, depend, they depend .

III Knowledge update.

Read the statement by K. Paustovsky

“Pushkin also spoke about punctuation marks. They exist to highlight the thought, to bring the words into the correct ratio and to give the phrase lightness and the right sound. Punctuation marks are like musical notation: they hold the text firmly and do not allow it to crumble.”

K.G. Paustovsky

What is this text talking about? The topic of the speech. (About the role of punctuation marks)

Purpose of punctuation marks? (Reflect the sounding speech in the letter in such a way that it can be understood, reproduced unambiguously, without options)

How do you understand the expression: “Keep text”? (It means to divide it in such a way as to communicate semantic and grammatical clarity, it means to achieve correspondence between what is perceived and what is written. In a literary text, punctuation marks primarily carry out the grammatical and semantic division of the text, and are also used to convey the melody of speech, its timbre and pauses, that is, intonation. In oral speech, this is the intonation of the end of a sentence, exclamatory intonation, explanatory intonation, contrasts, etc. intonation conveys certain meanings and emotions; intonation, and hence the meaning that intonation carries in itself.The well-known expression “read punctuation marks” means understanding the meaning conveyed by means of signs)

Why is this statement the epigraph to our lesson?

IV Explanation of new material.

1. Put punctuation marks, highlight the verbal grammatical basis and explain the punctuation marks.

1) Water sleeps, water lilies sleep, fish and birds sleep.

Water lily - an aquatic plant with large floating leaves and white, white-pink or yellow flowers, water lily.

2) And I remembered my father's house, our gorge and the village scattered around in the shade; I heard the evening rumble of herds running home and the distant barking of familiar dogs.

3) Father liked to say: there is no music sweeter than the sound of rain and the sound of the river.

4) A huge manor house, immersed in the greenery of trees and wild grapes, stood on a hill; he was seen everywhere.

5) Nature is an open textbook of life: it has absorbed the eternal wisdom of life.

6) I will say: “There is no need for paradise, give me my homeland!”.

Keys. 1 (,) - 1 (;) - 2, 4 (:) - 3, 5, 6

Guys, what suggestions caused difficulties?

Father liked to say: there is no music sweeter than the sound of rain and the sound of the river. (3)

Nature is an open textbook of life: it has absorbed the eternal wisdom of life. (5)

True, this sentence is superfluous, you cannot put a comma or a semicolon in it. It is related to the topic of today's lesson.

Open notebooks, write down the date and topic of the lesson.

“Colon in BSP”

Who will try to formulate the purpose of our lesson?

Purpose: to study the features of setting a colon in the BSP.

4. Repetition of the topic "Setting a colon in a simple sentence."

Guys, what topic should be repeated before moving on to a new one?

Colon placement in a simple sentence.

I draw your attention to the following sentences, which are written on the board. We read the sentence, explain the rule.

Snow lay everywhere: on the slopes of the mountain, on the branches of trees.

Is it worth it to dispute the opinion of A.P. Chekhov that “everything in a person should be beautiful: the face, and clothes, and the soul, and thoughts”

If the generalizing word is in front of the homogeneous members, then a colon is placed before the homogeneous members.

So, applying the rule of setting a colon, first of all, we determine the structure of the sentence.

Now let's figure out when to put a colon in the BSP.

Working with a table (write your own examples using the textbook).

So, the colon in the BSP is put in three cases(writing on the board).

Colon in BSP

:[reason] (= because, since)

:[explanation] (= namely, that is)

:[addition] (= that (saw that...; and heard that...; and felt that...)

slide 4. Checking examples

5. Formation of skills and abilities.

V Consolidation.

1. Work on cards.

Offer analysis

Analyze offers. Determine the meanings of the parts of the BSP, referring to the table “Punctuation marks in the BSP”.

1. Birds were not heard: they do not sing during the hours of heat. (Cause)

2. I understood: only chance can help us out. (Addition)

3. I felt ashamed: I could not finish the speech I had begun. (Cause)

4. The dog was nice: his ears were upright, his tail was ringed, his eyes were smart, smart. (Explanation)

5. She came to her senses, Tatyana looks: There is no bear; she is in the hallway. (Addition, implied in the first part looks and sees)

6. A strange incident happened: on the road, I completely overspending. (Explanation)

Peer review (work in pairs).

Teacher's comment.

Interchangeable allied and BSP are called syntactic synonyms.

Name the syntactic synonyms of BSP with a colon. (NGN with subordinate explanatory clauses and reasons).

2.Working with a textbook? Page _________

An exercise ________;

“The amazing is near.” (Warm-up)

3.Finish the sentences:

It was great all around.

I looked back and saw:

An amazing picture appeared before us:

4.Testing followed by mutual verification by key

Associative compound sentences

1. Complete the sentence: between the parts of the non-union complex sentence with the meaning of the enumeration is put: _________________________

2. Complete the sentence: if there are already commas or other punctuation marks inside the parts of the complex sentence, then in these non-union sentences it is put: _________________________

3. Indicate the correct statements.

The colon between the parts of the non-union complex sentence is placed:

a) if the second part indicates the reason for what is said in the first part;

b) if the second part explains, reveals the content of the first part or any of its members;

c) if the first part indicates the time of what is said in the second part;

d) if the second part explains the predicate of the first part.

4. Find a sentence that matches the scheme: [reason] (punctuation marks are not included):

a) Morning will come, let's move on.

b) All the firewood came out with nothing to heat.

c) Passengers were in a hurry before the train left five minutes.

5. Which scheme matches the proposal

From below it was clearly visible the column of cars descending from the pass (punctuation marks are not affixed): a B C) ;

6. Indicate the correct explanation of punctuation in the sentence:

Love the book () it will help you sort out the motley confusion of thoughts ...

c) a colon is put, because the second part indicates the reason for what the first part says.

7. Indicate the correct explanation of punctuation in the sentence: The sky cleared () the stars flashed:

a) a comma is put, because the sentence lists sequentially occurring phenomena;

b) a semicolon is put, because the parts are less closely related in meaning;

c) a colon is put, because the second sentence complements the content of the first one.

8. Indicate the correct explanation of punctuation in the sentence:

Suddenly I feel () someone takes me by the shoulder and pushes me.

a) a comma is put, because the sentence lists sequentially occurring phenomena;

b) a semicolon is put, because the parts are less closely related in meaning;

c) a colon is put, because The second part explains the content of the first.

9. Specify the sentence in which you need to put a semicolon.

a) One day he woke up and sees () there is a cancer against his hole.

b) We ran into the garden, ran into the sun-drenched gazebo, sat down in armchairs () Mom and Leonid immediately appeared.

c) It was uncomfortable to sit () something interfered.

d) It was getting dark () dew appeared on the grass.

Key

1. Comma.

2. Semicolon.

3. a, b, d; 4. in; 5 B; 6. in; 7. a; 8. in; 9. b.

“5” - 9; “4” - 7 - 8; “3” - 5 – 6.

VI Grading a lesson.

VII Homework. Paragraph 19.

Write out six BSPs from works of fiction and explain the punctuation marks.

4. Task for those who are interested. Write an essay - a discussion on the topic: "The role of the colon in a sentence."

VIII Lesson results. Reflection.

What did you learn new? What did you like? What didn't work?

Routing

Colon in non-union complex sentence.

1. Dictionary dictation. Spelling of verbs and participles.

They wrestle, wrestling, glued, glued, (not) visible, holding, breathing, (not) drying up, they hesitate, they heal, they hope, hear, see, cherish, they cherish, they ta_t, ta_shchy, shaving, stel_t, creeping, hanging, they are hanging

2. Explanatory dictation

1. Put punctuation marks, highlight the grammatical basis and explain the punctuation marks.

2. These proposals must be grouped according to a certain principle.

1) Water is sleeping, water lilies are sleeping, fish and birds are sleeping.

2) And I remembered our father's house, our gorge, and all around in the shade a scattered aul, I heard the evening rumble home of running herds and the distant barking of familiar dogs.

3) Father liked to say there is no music sweeter than the sound of rain and the sound of the river.

4) A huge manor house immersed in the greenery of trees and wild grapes stood on a hill, it was visible everywhere here.

5) Nature is an open textbook of life; it has absorbed the eternal wisdom of life.

6) I will say No need for paradise, give my homeland.

3. Analysis of proposals

1. Birds were not heard: they do not sing during the hours of heat.

2. I understood: only chance can help us out.

3. I felt ashamed: I could not finish the speech I had begun.

4. The dog was nice: his ears were upright, his tail was ringed, his eyes were smart, smart.

5. She came to her senses, Tatyana looks:

There is no bear; she is in the hallway.

6. A strange incident occurred: on the road, I completely overspent.

4. Explanatory dictation. Place punctuation marks.

Do not leave mothers alone, they grow old from loneliness. (A. Dementiev) Letters are more than memories, the blood of events has dried on them. (A. Herzen) Tell the generations of another century, let a man never shoot a man on the ground. (e.A.) Now I know outside my window not only I own the trees. (S. Marshak) Love a book, it will help you understand life. The picture changed, the snow melted, the damp earth smoked. Suddenly I feel someone pulling me aside. Tell me the branch of Palestine where you grew up where you bloomed.

Creative work. Continue offers.

Strictly observe the traffic rules: ...

Do not litter on the street: ...

Silence must be observed in the street: ...

The surroundings were great...

I looked back and saw...

An amazing picture appeared before us: ...

Find the "Third Extra"

1. Remember about school:

only with her

you will become a builder of joyful days. (V, Mayakovsky)

2. Such friends in the world

nothing to fear:

one for all in the world,

and all for one. (S. Mikhalkov)

3. Like a father's house, like an old highlander of the mountain,

I love the earth, its shadow

forests, and the roar of the sea, and the stars

patterns, and strange cloud structures. (V. Bryusov)

Depending on the meaning, semantic relationships between simple sentences in non-union complex sentences, the following punctuation marks are used: comma, semicolon, colon, dash. To check the meaning of a non-union complex sentence, you can use synonymous constructions of compound or complex sentences.

Comma in a non-union complex sentence, it is put if simple sentences are connected by enumeration relations (simultaneity and sequence). You can insert the union and between simple sentences.

Wed: The blizzard did not subside, the sky did not clear up(Pushkin). - The blizzard did not subside, and the sky did not clear up; The train went fast, its lights soon disappeared, after a minute there was no more noise(Chekhov). - The train went fast, and its lights soon disappeared, and after a minute there was no more noise.

Semicolon in a non-union complex sentence, it is put if simple sentences are connected by enumeration relations, but are distant from each other in meaning or are significantly common:

To the left a deep gorge blackened; / 1 behind him and in front of us, the dark blue peaks of the mountains, pitted with layers of snow, were drawn in the pale sky, which still retains the last reflection of dawn./ 2 (Lermontov).

Colon in unionlesscomplex

1. The second simple sentence explains the meaning of the first one (relation of explanation). Before the second sentence, you can put the words namely, that is.

Wed: A terrible thought flashed through my mind: I imagined it in the hands of robbers(Pushkin). - A terrible thought flashed through my mind, namely: I imagined it in the hands of robbers.

Note!

A colon is required if the first sentence of an asyndetic compound sentence contains the words so, such, such, one etc., the specific content of which is disclosed in the second sentence.

My custom is this: signed, so off my shoulders(Griboyedov); I'll tell you only one thing: you can not sit idly by(Chekhov).

2. The second simple sentence complements the content of the first (additional relations). Before the second sentence, you can insert the conjunction what.

Wed: I knew: the blow of fate will not bypass me(Lermontov). - I knew that the blow of fate would not bypass me.

Note!

Sometimes there are verbs in the first sentence look, look, listen and etc.; phrases raise your eyes, raise your head and others, warning of further presentation. In this case, between the parts of the union-free sentence, you can insert not just a union what, but a combination of words: and saw that; and heard that; and felt that etc.

Wed: I looked out of the wagon: everything there was darkness and whirlwind (Pushkin). - I looked out of the wagon and saw that everything was dark and whirlwind; He thought, sniffed: it smells of honey(Chekhov). - He thought, sniffed and felt that smells like honey.

3. The second simple sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first sentence (causal relations). Before the second sentence, you can insert a causal conjunction because.

Wed: Now everyone is in the house had a stern expression: the earthquake was not good(Tynyanov). - Now everyone in the house had a stern expression, because the earthquake was not good; Birds were not heard: they do not sing in the hours of heat(Turgenev). - Birds were not heard, because they do not sing in the hours of heat.

Dash in unionlesscomplexThe offer is made in the following cases:

1. The second simple sentence contains an unexpected attachment, an indication of a rapid change of events. Before the second sentence, you can insert the words and suddenly, and unexpectedly, and suddenly, and immediately:

Cheese fell out - with him there was such a cheat(Krylov). - The cheese fell out, and suddenly there was such a cheat with it; The wind blew - everything trembled, came to life, laughed(M. Gorky). - The wind blew, and at once everything trembled, came to life, laughed.

2. In the second sentence of a complex non-union sentence, opposition is expressed. Unions a, but can be inserted between simple sentences.

Wed: I would be glad to serve - it's sickening to serve(Griboyedov). - I would be glad to serve, but sickening to serve; He is the guest, I am the host(Bagritsky). - He is the guest and I am the host.

3. The second sentence contains a consequence, result, conclusion. Words can be inserted between parts therefore, then, as a result.

Wed: I'm dying - I have nothing to lie(Turgenev). - I'm dying so I don't need to lie; I would go to the pilots - let them teach me(Mayakovsky). - I would go to the pilots, so let them teach me.

Note. If the meaning of the consequence is not expressed intonationally, a comma is put instead of a dash, for example: Man is not a needle, we will find(Chekhov).

4. The first sentence contains the meaning of time or condition. You can put unions before the first part when, if.

Wed: Cats gnaw - mice have freedom (proverb). - When cats gnaw, mice are free; There will be rain - there will be fungi (Pushkin). - If it rains, there will be fungus.

Note If the second sentence in the unionless a complex sentence begins with a particle like this, then a comma is put instead of a dash, for example: Give everyone for vodka, so you yourself will soon have to starve(Pushkin).

5. The second sentence contains a comparison. Between simple sentences, you can put unions as if, as if.

Wed: Says the word - the nightingale sings(Lermontov). - Says a word like a nightingale sings.

6. The second sentence in a compound non-union sentence has an adjunctive meaning and begins with the words so, such, such:

An order is an order - that's how he was raised(Vorobiev).

The second sentence has a connecting meaning and you can put the word this before it (sometimes this word is in the sentence itself):

Plan for parsing an union-free complex sentence

Indicate the type of compound sentence (union-free compound sentence).
Indicate how many parts the non-union complex sentence consists of (highlight the grammatical foundations).
Indicate the meaning (semantic relationship) between the parts of the non-union sentence. Justify the punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, colon, dash).
Build a diagram of an asyndetic complex sentence.

Sample parsing

The oak is holding on - the reed has fallen to the ground(Krylov).

Unionless complex sentence; consists of two simple parts: 1) the oak is holding; 2) the reed fell to the ground; grammar basics: 1) the oak is holding; 2) the reed fell. The second sentence contains a contrast (you can insert a union between the parts a: The oak is holding on, and the reed has fallen to the ground). Therefore, a dash is placed between the parts of a complex non-union sentence.

- .
opposite

Depending on the nature of the semantic relations, a dash, colon or comma is placed between the parts of the non-union complex sentence (BSP). If the parts of the non-union complex sentence are significantly common or complicated, then there may be a semicolon between them. The setting of a dash is associated with the relations of opposition, investigation, comparison, explanation, rapid change of events or attachment. The colon reflects the relationship of explanation, reason. In other cases, a comma is placed.

Tasks

1. Choose only those punctuation marks that are placed between the parts of the union-free complex sentence.

Hyphen, comma, semicolon, dash, brackets, colon, quotation marks.

2. Distribute the conditions depending on the punctuation mark - dash or colon.
1. In parts of the BSP, a quick change of events is expressed.
2. The second part of the BSP indicates the basis or reason for what is said in the first.
3. The first part of the BSP indicates the time or condition for performing the action referred to in the second part.
4. The second part of the BSP is opposed to the first.
5. There are verbs in the first part of the BSP see, hear, feel, warning that a statement of some fact or description will follow.
6. In the first part of the BSP there are demonstrative words (so, such, such) the content of which is revealed in the second part.
3. Restore the rules. Give examples.
1. If the parts of a non-union complex sentence relate to each other as an action and its result, then between the parts is put ...
2. A colon is placed between the parts of an allied compound sentence, if ...
3. A dash is placed between the parts of an allied compound sentence if ...
4. Establish semantic relationships between parts of a complex sentence and determine which sign should be put in place of the gap.
1. If you want to know more _ take a serious book.
2. Most people believe in justice - justice, as a rule, means self-interest for them.
3. Sergey became a leader - his friends also became different, although nothing in him has changed.
4. Successful people are proud of their victories _ losers discuss the failures of others.

A. In the second part of the sentence, an explanation or reason; colon.

B. In the second part of the sentence - opposition; dash.

B. In the second part of the sentence - conclusion or consequence; dash.

G. In the first part of the sentence - a condition; dash.

5. Read Chinese proverbs. Correlate them with the proposed options for semantic relationships that arise between the parts of an asyndetic complex sentence. Put punctuation marks according to your choice.

Variants of semantic relations: a) opposition; b) reason;

in) consequence; d) condition; e) analogy.
1. A rotten tree is not fit for pillars; a vile person is not fit for rulers.
2. An intelligent person can boldly correct his mistakes; a fool does not even dare to admit his shortcomings.
3. Ancestors plant trees; descendants enjoy the coolness.
6. Indicate the semantic relationships between the parts of the non-union complex sentence. Put punctuation marks according to them.
1. A smart person talks about his business, a stupid person talks with his tongue.
2. There are no leaves on a withered tree; there is no use in empty words.
3. The source is clean at the mouth, the water is clean.
4. An idler dies of cold; a glutton dies of hunger.
5. Do not ask people for help, they will be friendly with you.
6. Truth cannot be refuted. Lies are afraid of the truth.
7. Read non-union complex sentences in which a colon is placed. Restore the rule according to the example.

Tatyana begins her letter as expected: she addresses Onegin as “you”, explains the motives for her act. Tatyana does not know Onegin at all: she saw him only once, and even heard the disapproving conversations of "prudent neighbors" (N. Dolinina. Let's read "Onegin" together).

8. Read the non-union complex sentences. Make diagrams explaining the punctuation marks.
1. Spleen is worse than cholera: one only kills the body, the other kills the soul (A. S. Pushkin. From a letter to Delvig). 2. Pushkin sadly and mockingly looks at the old Larins: after all, they are kind, in essence, people, but how dull and petty they live! (N. Dolinina. Let's read "Onegin" together). 3. But after all, the fate of Tatiana, from our point of view, is terrible: locked in a village among wild people, she willy-nilly is forced to repeat the life of her mother, marrying some offspring of the Skotinins (N. Dolinina. Let's read "Onegin" together ).
9. Fill in the missing punctuation marks. Distribute the sentences, depending on which sign is placed at the place of the pass, into three groups: 1) a comma; 2) dash; 3) colon.
1. Thanks to memory, the past enters the present_and the future as

would be foreseen by the present, connected with the past (D. S. Likhachev).

2. Do you like to ride_love and carry sleds (proverb). 3. War turns people born_to be brothers into wild beasts (F. Voltaire).
4. The word is an expression of thought_and it can serve to unite and separate people ... (L. N. Tolstoy) 5. A person_who thinks only about himself and seeks

in all its gain, one cannot be happy (Seneca). 6. Talk smart

the gently sloping hills already freed from snow turn yellow (I. S. So-

Kolov-Mikitov). 8. You marvel at the jewels of our language_ whatever sound, then

and a gift... (I. V. Gogol) 9. For us, he (Gogol) was more than just a writer_he revealed ourselves to us (I. S. Turgenev). 10. And a prickly spruce branch

knocked on the window_like a belated traveler sometimes knocks (A. Pleshcheev). 11. There are

autumn nights, deafened and dumb_when calm stands over a black wooded edge (K. G. Paustovsky). 12. Ears softly hit you in the face_cornflowers

clinging to legs_quail screaming around_horse running at a lazy trot

(I. S. Turgenev).
10. Read the texts. Write with the missing punctuation marks.
1. Summer blue skies I'm sitting in the yard on the step of an iron staircase. I'm reading a book lying on my knees in the yard, everything is empty in the dachas on a Sunday. Yesterday I cut my index finger with glass. The cut was deep; they took me to the pharmacy and filled the wound with collodion.

It was cool and dark in the pharmacy, and at the same time, it was in the pharmacy that it was most affected that it was summer now, as summer is most felt in the bedroom in the morning when the opening of the shutters was started and not completed (Yu. Olesha. I look into the past).

2. The ball flew into the goal every minute. He hit their bars, they groaned, lime fell from them ... Volodya grabbed the ball in such a flight, when it seemed mathematically impossible. The whole audience, all the lively sloping of the stands seemed to become steeper - each spectator rose, pushed out by a terrible impatient desire to finally see the most interesting thing - driving in a goal. The referee threw a whistle into his lips on the move, ready to whistle a hit ... Volodya did not grab the ball, he tore it off the flight line and, as a violator of physics, was subjected to a stunning action of indignant forces. He took off with the ball, spinning, exactly screwing on it, he grabbed the ball with his whole body with his knees, stomach and chin, throwing his weight on the speed of the ball (Yu. Olesha. Envy).

A colon is made up of two or more parts, each of which has a specific meaning. It is from him that the choice of one or another punctuation mark depends.

1. This one is put if the next sentence (or a group of them) indicates the reason due to which what was said in the first happened. For example: "Andrey failed to arrange his brother as a master's apprentice: such young people were not taken there", "The sailors remained to sleep on the deck: it became unbearably stuffy below"

2. The colon in the non-union is also used when the next sentence (or a group of them) reveals the essence of the entire first sentence or one of its members. Then between its constituent parts, instead of a punctuation mark, it is easy to insert namely(explanatory union). For example: “The house slowly began to make noise: at one end the door creaked; steps were heard in the yard; someone sneezed in the room”, “Soon I found happiness: my daughter returned to me.” A colon is placed between several parts of such a sentence even when the first contains pronominal words.

The specific meaning of the words so, one, such, such etc. interprets the second part. For example: "All the people there are like this: the gossip sits on the gossip and drives the gossip", "One thing was clear: he would never come back." It should also be clarified that in a complex non-union sentence, one pronominal word is fully explained by the second part. This is the case when a colon is used after it. For example: "I ask you only one thing: decide quickly." And in a simple non-union sentence, it is supplemented only with an explanatory word, after which a dash is placed. For example: "In relations with strangers, the father demanded only one thing - to maintain decency."

3. A colon in a non-union sentence is also used when the first sentence contains verbs look, look, listen, as well as those that indicate an action that warns of what will be discussed next. Instead of a punctuation mark, it is easy to insert a union between its parts what or even a combination of words: and noticed that; and saw that. Sometimes in these cases they put a dash, although it is still preferable to put a colon. For example: "I looked out the window: stars appeared in the clear sky", "I looked around: the night triumphed and reigned all around." In these examples, the second sentence reveals the meaning of the first, complements it.

4. The colon is also used if the next part of it is in the form direct question. For example: “I was walking now, talking to you and thinking all the time: why don’t they change?”, “You’d better confess this to me: is it true that you are still in love with her?”

Colon in non-union complex sentencein newspaper headlines

When the title of an article splits into two parts, this is a separate case of setting this Nominative theme - the first part of the title - indicates the problem as a whole, the person, the place of action, etc. And the continuation of the title already specifies what was mentioned at the beginning. For example: "Children: desirable and not very desirable."

Reference book on the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 44. Colon in a non-union complex sentence

Colon in a non-union complex sentence, it is put in cases where the main part of the statement (sometimes corresponding to the main part in a complex sentence) is contained in the first part of the complex sentence, and the second part contains an explanation, disclosure of content, an indication of the reason, etc. (this part in a semantic sense close to the subordinate part or to the explanatory sentence).

1. Colon is put if the second part (one or several sentences) reveals the content of the first part (words can be inserted between both parts namely): The weather was terrible: the wind howled, wet snow fell in flakes(P.); A terrible thought flashed through my mind: I imagined it in the hands of robbers(P.); Dubrovsky put a wick, the shot was successful: one was blown off his head, two were wounded(P.); In fact, Akaky Akakievich's overcoat had some strange device: its collar decreased more and more every year, because it served to undermine other parts.(G.); He noticed some special dilapidation on all the village buildings: the log on the huts was dark and old; many roofs blew through like a sieve; on others there was only a ridge at the top and poles on the sides in the form of ribs(G.); I ask you one thing: shoot quickly(L.); Here are my conditions: today you will publicly renounce slander and ask me for forgiveness.(L.); From early youth, Tatyana was kept in a black body: she worked for two, but she never saw any kindness(T.); It is pleasant to lie motionless on the hay after a long walk and deep sleep: the body basks and languishes, the face glows with a slight heat, sweet laziness closes its eyes.(T.); Throughout the morning and the middle of the day, Olenin was completely immersed in arithmetic calculations: how many miles he traveled, how much remains to the first station, how much to the first city, before dinner, before tea, to Stavropol, and what part of the entire road is traveled(L.T.); The silence in the house was broken little by little: somewhere a door creaked; someone's steps were heard; someone sneezed in the hayloft(Gonch.); In the whole village there were only two decent houses: in one the volost government was located, in the other lived Tsybukin, an Epiphany tradesman(Ch.); The old man's excitement had passed, and now fatigue was showing: his tongue stuttered, his head shook, his eyes watered.(Kor.); He felt unwell: his body was weak, there was a dull pain in his eyes.(Cupr.); The dark forest is good on a bright sunny day: there is coolness and wonders of light(Shv.); Then a thought dawned on him: the partisans must be somewhere here, nearby.(Floor.); Everyone regarded Nagulnov’s behavior differently: some approved, others condemned, some kept quiet(Sh.).

2. The colon is required if the first part of the non-union complex sentence contains words so, such, such, one etc., the specific content of which is revealed in the second part: My custom is this: signed, so off your shoulders(Gr.); Like all Moscow ones, your father is like this:he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks(Gr.); One thing was certain:he won't come back(T.); I will do it like this:I will dig a large hole near the stone itself ...(L.T.); The question for Kutuzov now consisted only of this:Is it really he who allowed Napoleon to Moscow (L.T.).

Note. Punctuation is usually distinguished in non-union complex sentences, in which the second part reveals the content of the pronominal word one, available in the first part (put colon), and in simple sentences in which the word one is explained by the explanatory member of the sentence, and not by the whole sentence (put dash).

Wed: I can only tell you one thing: you can't sit idly by(Ch.). - In relations with strangers, he demanded one thing - the preservation of decency(Hertz.) (see § 23, item 1).

3. Colon is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, if in the first of them by means of verbs see, look, hear, know, understand, feel etc., a warning is given that a statement of some fact or some description will follow (in these cases, a union can be inserted between the parts what): With anxiety, I jumped out of the wagon and see:mother meets me on the porch with an air of deep chagrin(P.); I feltall my blood rushed to my face(P.); I crawled along the thick grass along the ravine, I look:the forest is over, several Cossacks leave it for a clearing(L.); After a few moments, I get up and see:my Karagoz flies, waving his mane(L.); You yourself noticed:day by day I fade(L.); Suddenly I feel:someone grabs my shoulder and pushes me(T.); I say:won't give up(L.T.); I also remember:she liked to dress well and splash perfume(Ch.); I understand:it’s hard for you to say now about the goals pursued by literature(M.G.); Evreinov proved so wellme: Universities need guys like me(M.G.), In the morning, waking up, Geyser felt:right eye closed(Fed.); I will definitely tell you: youhave talent(F.); He believes:for his soldiers and the long way forward is shorter than the short way back(Sim.); People knew:somewhere, very far from them, there is a war(Azh.); Fedor understood: speechwas about communication(Furm.); He saw:the earth rose from the ashes, the unconquered earth(Hump.); Alex decided:pretty pull(Floor.).

Note. If there is no hint of warning in the first part of a sentence of this type, a colon is put after it comma:I hearthe earth trembled(N.).

If the second part is an incomplete sentence, then a dash may be placed before it: I thought wolf(on the setting of a dash in such cases, see also § 45, paragraph 7).

4. Colon is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence if there are verbs in the first part look, look, listen etc., as well as expressions like raise your eyes, raise your head, warning about further presentation; in these cases, words can be inserted between the parts of the non-union complex sentence and saw (heard, felt) that etc.: I looked out of the wagon:everything was darkness and whirlwind(P.); I raised my eyes toa girl was standing on the roof of my hut(L.); I turn around:Grushnitsky!(L.); Oblomov looked around.in front of him in reality ... stood the real, real Stolz(Gonch.); I looked around:solemnly and regally the night stood(T.); I woke up:dawn has already taken(T.); I raised my head.in front of the fire, on an overturned tub, sat a miller's wife (T.);Barbara listened.came the noise of the evening train(Ch.); He thought, sniffed:smells like honey(Ch.); I looked out the window.stars lit up in a cloudless sky(M.G.); Magpie raised his head:above, through the thin steam of frost, the golden Bear shone(Ser.); Lukashin stopped and looked:water accumulated in the ditch(Pan.); I stood and listened to the sounds:train.

In these cases, there is also a dash instead of a colon to convey various additional shades of meaning: Looked at the hole -the water dozed(Shishk.) (cf .: ... and there the water was dozing); He looked out of the roomnot a single light in the windows(Pan.) (cf.: ... but not a single light in the windows); I turn -man in german helmet(Medv.) (cf .: .. and there is a man in a German helmet). See § 72, para. 3.

5. Colon is put in front of a direct question included in the non-union complex sentence (see § 2, paragraph 5): The question now is: what did our society do in the last 20-30 years?(Good.); There's only one thing I don't understand: how could she bite you?(Ch.); Until now, it remains surprising and unsolved: who, on this fateful night, removed the divisional school from guard? (Furm.); I walked to the gate through the wet grass, feeling anxious: who would see the first tractor in such impenetrable fog?(First) Compare: Maybe nature tells us: use beauty, accept it.(Gran.) - a kind of equivalent of direct speech.

6. Colon is placed between the parts of an union-free complex sentence if the second part indicates the basis or reason for what is said in the first part (causal unions can be inserted between both parts because, since, since etc.): However, it's time to get up: already a quarter to six(P.); I am sad: there is no friend with me(P.); He blushed: he was ashamed to kill an unarmed man(L.); I don’t melt, I was scared: on the edge of the threatening abyss I lay(L.); I could not sleep: in front of me in the darkness, a boy with white eyes kept spinning(L.); It was terrible to touch the cloths, canvases and household materials: they turned to dust.(G.); In vain do you look around in all directions: there is no way out of the endless tundra(Gonch.); It's good that Lemm didn't hear us: he would have fainted(T.); The moon was not in the sky: at that time she rose late(T.); However, not everyone dared to mock Gerasim: he did not like to joke(T.); Birds were not heard: they do not sing in the hours of heat(T.); And Zhilin was depressed: he sees - it's bad(L.T.); Only at the mill the river is angry: there is no space for it, captivity is bitter(N.); He was even frightened: it was so dark, cramped and unclean(Ch.); Science must be loved: people have no power more powerful and victorious than science(M.G.); They praised the earth: kind; scolded the climate: uneven, dry(Skin.); In Mexico, you can’t praise a thing in someone else’s house: they wrap it in a piece of paper for you(M); Sometimes the horses fell through the belly: the soil was very viscous(F.); The windows in the barracks were either lit up or extinguished: someone was striking matches.(F.); Seryozhka was silent: he did not like verbal oaths and assurances(F.); Stepan was afraid to approach the shore: slippery(Shishk.); Pavel did not like autumn and winter: they brought him a lot of physical torment(BUT.); Saburov was nervous: he wanted to take Protsenko down somewhere(Sim.); In general, I have a negative attitude towards all kinds of staging: luck is rare here.(Ov.).

Note. In the absence of warning intonation, the colon is not put in these cases: Don't go now, it's hot(Ch.).

7. Special case of staging colons found in newspaper headlines like: Space: to fly or not; Bazhov: reader and book lover.(See section 16.)

8. Occasionally, in a non-union complex sentence consisting of three parts, two colons are used (on different bases or with the same base): Well, yes, it goes without saying: the soul is not an apple: you cannot divide it(T.); You kept pestering me: teach us music and the French dialect: here you have a Frenchman, and he plays the pianos(T.); Her passion for cleanliness drove her to self-forgetfulness: she could clean, tidy, wash, dust and arrange the hut all day with unexpected skill: sometimes she would hang towels with a sheet on the window jambs, then in winter she would attach golden wreaths from straw, and in summer - bunches of flowers, which he gathers casually on the estate(Ch.); There is no need to talk about the spring time: bird cherry blooms together, white-white, you will feel a little dizzy, and you will be confused for a moment: how is it?(Sol.); However, this did not console me at all: the thought, once it came to mind, would not go far and, when necessary, would certainly return, but the capercaillie flew away, and the face of that day, which would never return like this, was determined: I missed the capercaillie(Shv.); And in the cell it was no longer as dark as in the first minute, when the oil lamp went out and the match broke; deep winter light(Berg.).

Usually in these cases, in order to avoid the accumulation of colons in a sentence, one of them is replaced by a dash: "Mass of readers" does not exist, even if the book is published in mass circulation: readers read in different ways - there are books in which one is available to everyone, the other only to some(Er.); There is one feature in this book - you immediately feel that it was written by a painter: the reader sees landscapes, scenes, people(Er.); The command confidently entrusted Vorobyov with the most responsible military affairs: in a short time it became obvious that this lieutenant, who seemed like a teenager, had recently graduated from the school, became a strong-willed, resourceful and, most importantly, quite an experienced commander; I listened to him carefully: I remember the old rule - it is better to listen to everything to the end, and then only raise questions or object.

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Handbook author

Punctuation marks in an union-free complex sentence § 127. A comma is placed between the parts of an union-free complex sentence when listing: The ocean with a rumble walked behind the wall with black mountains, a blizzard whistled hard in heavy gear, the ship was shaking all over (Bun.); It was getting dark,

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Handbook author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

in a non-union complex sentence, a comma between parts of the sentence when listed. § 127 before the last part of a sentence with a union and § 127, also § 25 semicolon between common parts of a sentence § 128 between parts of a sentence that are

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 112

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

XXX. Punctuation marks in an union-free compound sentence § 116. A comma and a semicolon in a union-free compound sentence 1. A comma is placed between the parts of an union-free compound sentence if these parts are closely related in meaning, for example: Pale cheeks fell,

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 116. A comma and a semicolon in a unionless complex sentence 1. A comma is placed between the parts of an unionless complex sentence if these parts are closely related in meaning, for example: Pale cheeks fell, eyes became big, large, lips burned (Lermontov);

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§117

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 118. A dash in an union-free complex sentence A dash in an union-free complex sentence that breaks into two parts is put: 1) if the second part contains an unexpected addition, an indication of a quick change of events (a union and can be inserted between both parts), for example:

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

XXX. punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence § 116. A comma and a semicolon in a non-union complex sentence

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 118. A dash in an unionless compound sentence A dash in an unionless compound sentence that breaks into two parts is put: 1) if the second part contains an unexpected addition, an indication of a quick change of events (a union and can be inserted between both parts), for example:

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 39. Colon in a complex sentence The colon is placed before the subordinating conjunction in those rare cases when the preceding main part of the complex sentence contains a special warning about the subsequent clarification (at this point,